To Make in Spanish: Mastering the Multifunctional Spanish Verb “Hacer”

The Spanish verb "hacer" is so ubiquitous that it's used for both "to do" and "to make" in Spanish. Let's explore the many facets of "hacer."

To make in Spanish: the multifunctional Spanish verb hacer

The verbs to do and to make are two of the most common English verbs. Whether you want to say to do or to make in Spanish, you’ll use the same word: hacer. We use the verb hacer for almost everything! Whether we talk about doing homework, making cakes, doing some activities or tasks, or just about the weather, we use the verb hacer to express all of this.

The mission of today’s post is to give you all of the tools you need to master the hacer verb like an expert. Ready? Let’s dive into the many uses of hacer!

Hacer: The Multifunctional Verb

We first need to know that hacer behaves like a multifunctional tool in Spanish since we can use it in different contexts. In other words, the verb hacer helps us to express ourselves easily, instead of looking for complicated terms. However, that doesn’t mean that we go crazy about their uses. We have to pay attention to how and when we should use this powerful tool correctly.

In English, we have to choose between to make or to do, depending on if the actions are the product or result of something, or if they are physical, intellectual, or indefinite. Considering to do and to make in Spanish, however, it is quite different because the verb hacer integrates both of these in just one word, independent of the type of actions. Let’s see this in action:

  • I’m going to make dinner – Voy a hacer la cena.
  • I’m going to do the homework – Voy a hacer la tarea.

As you can see in these examples, we have a product of the action, cooking, and we have an intellectual activity. We use the same verb in Spanish to express either of those actions. Hacer is the ideal translation for both to do and to make in Spanish!

Before we get into more detail on usage, let’s first cover the grammatical structure of the verb hacer.

Conjugating the Verb Hacer

Hacer is an irregular verb, which means that it doesn’t follow a regular pattern and it is a stem-changing verb. In other words, the base of the verb, or stem, changes when the verb is conjugated. So, the  “a”  in the stem of hacer changes to  “e”  or  “i”, and the “c” changes to “z” or “g”, depending on the conjugation.

The gerund is haciendo. The participle is hecho. The conjugations are in the following tables:

Indicative mood conjugations of hacer

Indicative Tense Present Preterite Imperfect Conditional Future
English do, does, make, makes did, made did, made would have done, would have made will do, will make
Yo hago hice hacía haría haré
haces hiciste hacías harías harás
Él, Ella, Usted hace hizo hacía haría hará
Nosotros/as hacemos hicimos hacíamos haríamos haremos
Ustedes, Ellos/as hacen hicieron hacían harían harán

Subjunctive mood conjugations of hacer

Subjunctive tense Present Imperfect
English do, does, make, makes did, made
Yo haga hiciera / hiciese
hagas hicieras / hicieses
Él, Ella, Usted haga hiciera / hiciese
Nosotros/as hagamos hiciéramos / hiciésemos
Ustedes, Ellos/as hagan hicieran / hiciesen

Compound conjugations of hacer

Compound tense Indicative present perfect Subjunctive past perfect (plusperfect)
English have done, has done, have made, has made had done, had made
Yo he hecho hubiera hecho / hubiese hecho
has hecho hubieras hecho / hubieses hecho
Él, Ella, Usted ha hecho hubiera hecho / hubiese hecho
Nosotros/as hemos hecho hubiéramos hecho / hubiésemos hecho
Ustedes, Ellos/as han hecho hubieran hecho / hubiesen hecho

Imperative mood conjugations of hacer

Imperative tense Affirmative Negative
English do, let’s do, make, let’s make don’t do, let’s not do, don’t make, let’s not make
haz no hagas
Él, Ella, Usted haga no haga
Nosotros/as hagamos no hagamos
Ustedes, Ellos/as hagan no hagan

With these conjugation tables as references for the different forms of hacer, let’s see a few examples before moving on:

  • Mrs. Smith is doing her crossword puzzle for the week. – La Sra. Smith está haciendo su crucigrama de la semana.
  • We made the cake for Steven’s birthday. – Nosotros hicimos la torta para el cumpleaños de Steven.
  • Carlos will do the design of the next mall. – Carlos hará el diseño del próximo centro comercial.
  • You guys have done an excellent job cleaning up the place. – Ustedes han hecho un excelente trabajo con la limpieza del lugar.
  • I would have made the reservation at the restaurant when you told me, but now it’s too late to regret it. – Hubiera hecho la reservación en el restaurante cuando me dijiste, pero ahora ya es tarde para arrepentirse.

Uses of the Verb Hacer

We have covered the grammatical behavior of the verb hacer. It’s time to learn about its uses.

Carrying out an action

Ejecutar una acción

We use hacer to talk about actions executed by someone else or ourselves. These actions can be really anything.

  • Marta makes wicker baskets (she fabricates them). – Marta hace cestas de rattan (ella las fabrica).
  • Did you close the door? Yes, I did. – ¿Cerraste la puerta? Sí, ya lo hice.
  • Now that you’re here, let’s make lunch for the others. – Ahora que ya estás aquí, vamos a hacer el almuerzo para los demás.
  • Mi abuela hace unos lindos peluches con hilos de algodón. – My grandmother makes cute stuffed animals with cotton threads.

In the first example, Marta fabricates the baskets from a material. In the second example, the action of closing the door was mentioned first, so for the answer to the question, we substitute the specific verb for hacer. In the third example, we mention an action relating to cooking. And in the final example, the grandma knits cute stuffed animals.

As you can see, we have replaced specific action verbs with the verb hacer.

Time elapsed

Tiempo transcurrido

We use hacer to talk about a moment in the past and the time elapsed from that period on. The English equivalent can be a variety of descriptions to describe the elapsed time.

  • Three years ago I started college and I still have a year to go. – Hace tres años comencé la universidad y aún me queda un año para terminar.
  • Raúl and I have been friends for more than 10 years. – Raúl y yo somos amigos desde hace más de 10 años.
  • Lucia bought a vacuum cleaner a year ago and it works great. – Lucía compró una aspiradora hace un año y funciona de maravilla.
  • I’ve been meaning to call you for a long time but I hadn’t decided until now. – He querido llamarte desde hace tiempo, pero no me había decidido hasta ahora.

Weather

El clima

When we talk about the weather, we use the verb hacer as an observation of what the weather is like. Whereas in English the weather is usually just described with the verb to be, in Spanish we use hacer to ascribe some action to the weather events.

  • With the arrival of winter, it is so cold that we cannot get out of bed. – Con la llegada del invierno hace tanto frío que no podemos salir de la cama.
  • What a beautiful day! It’s cool enough to go for a walk. – ¡Qué día tan bonito! Hace bastante fresco como para salir a dar un paseo.
  • It’s so hot that it’s impossible to concentrate on work. – Hace tanto calor que es imposible concentrarme en el trabajo.
  • Carlos is keeping tabs on the clothes hanging in the garden since it’s very windy. – Carlos está pendiente de la ropa tendida en el jardín porque hace mucho viento.

Changes in life

Cambios en la vida

The reflexive form hacerse is used to talk about changes in life, whether external or by will, such as profession, ideology, lifestyle, etc. In this form, the English equivalent is to become.

  • My husband became a vegetarian after watching a documentary on animal torture. – Mi esposo se hizo vegetariano después de ver un documental sobre tortura animal.
  • Despite initially refusing, Steven became a lawyer to please his parents. – A pesar de negarse al principio, Steven se hizo abogado para complacer a sus padres.
  • My neighbor became a millionaire after winning the lottery. – Mi vecina se hizo millonaria después de ganar la lotería.
  • I became a Spanish teacher thanks to my love for the language. – Me hice profesor de español por amor al idioma.

Physical activities

Actividades físicas

We use hacer to describe sports or other activities related to keeping the body active and healthy. This could be anything including skateboarding, karate, aikido, taekwondo, yoga, surfing, kayaking, meditation, and so on. The English translation is often to do, though other words may be a better fit depending on the sport.

  • This year I am finally going to start doing aikido to learn how to control my temper. – Este año por fin voy a comenzar a hacer aikido para aprender a controlar mi temperamento.
  • Doing karate is a great option for children who have excess energy. – Hacer karate es una gran opción para los niños que tienen exceso de energía.
  • Carla practices yoga because it helps her develop her flexibility. – Carla hace yoga porque la ayuda a desarrollar su flexibilidad.
  • Doing meditation sessions twice a week helps us cultivate a good character. – Hacer sesiones de meditación dos veces a la semana nos ayuda a cultivar un buen carácter.

Believing or assuming something

Creer o suponer algo

This use of hacer is for describing what had been assumed, but which turns out to not be the case. In Spanish, this is generally expressed in the imperfect or the subjunctive. The English equivalent really depends on the context, best demonstrated through examples:

  • Anna, are you here? I thought you were at the airport ready to fly to London. – Ana, ¿estás aquí? Yo te hacía en el aeropuerto lista para tomar el avión hacia Londres.
  • Is that Sarah? I had pictured her as being slimmer and taller. – ¿Esa es Sarah? Yo la hacía más alta y más delgada.
  • I’d made you out to be much friendlier, but that’s not the case. – Había hecho que fueras mucho más amigable, pero ese no es el caso.
  • My mom thought she had an innocent daughter, but it wasn’t true. – Mi mamá me hacía una hija inocente, pero no era cierto.

To pretend

Simular o aparentar

We use the structure hacer que or hacer como que when we want to indicate that a person is pretending to do something when in reality they are doing something completely different. In this context, suitable equivalents in English are to pretend to, to act like, or to make like.

  • Raul pretends to work, but in reality he is playing solitaire. – Raúl hace que trabaja, pero en realidad está jugando solitario.
  • My dad acts like he’s listening to me, but he’s thinking about tomorrow’s baseball game. – Mi papá hace como que me escucha, pero está pensando en el juego de béisbol de mañana.
  • We make like we’re cooking, but in reality we order food from a restaurant. – Hacemos como que cocinamos, pero en realidad ordenamos la comida a un restaurante.
  • Miriam pretends she’s vegetarian just to impress her new boyfriend. – Miriam hace que es vegetariana solo para impresionar a su nuevo novio.

To obtain or get hold of something

Apropiarse de algo

When we want to indicate that we have obtained something or seized something for our benefit, we use the structure hacerse con (algo). The translation in English varies depending on the context, best explained through examples:

  • Did you get hold of the book for chemistry class? – ¿Te hiciste con el libro para la clase de química?
  • The thieves made off with all the bank’s money. – Los ladrones se hicieron con todo el dinero del banco.
  • The players were running around the field, trying to get hold of the ball. – Los jugadores corrían por el campo, intentando hacerse con el balón.

Behavior

Comportamiento

We can use the verb hacer to talk about a person’s particular behavior. Here the English equivalent can also change depending on the context:

  • Marco really likes to play the clown in class. – A Marco le gusta mucho hacerse el payaso en clase.
  • Aurora was afraid of making a fool of herself in front of the whole class. – Aurora tenía miedo de hacer el ridículo frente a toda la clase.
  • My brother and his friends love to goof around all the time. – A mi hermano y a sus amigos les encanta hacerse los tontos todo el tiempo.
  • Sometimes I try to be funny, but it is impossible to achieve it. – A veces intento hacerme la graciosa, pero es imposible lograrlo.

Expressions Using to Make in Spanish

So far we’ve covered different uses for the verb hacer, which is usually the best translation for to make in Spanish. But what about other English expressions based around the verb to make? Here’s a handy list of expressions using to make, and their Spanish equivalents. Note that not all of their translations use hacer!

Make an appointment Hacer una cita
Make arrangements Hacer preparativos
Make a change Hacer un cambio
Make a choice, Make a decision Hacer una elección, Tomar una decisión
Make clear (to clarify) Hacer una aclaración
Make a comment Hacer un comentario
Make a comparison Hacer una comparación
Make a complaint Hacer una queja
Make a difference Hacer la diferencia
Make an assumption (about something) Hacer una suposición (acerca de algo)
Make an effort Hacer un esfuerzo
Make an error Cometer un error
Make a list Hacer una lista
Make a mistake Equivocarse
Make an offer Hacer una oferta
Make a payment Hacer un pago
Make plans Hacer planes
Make a point Hacer un punto
Make a profit (make money from something) Obtener una ganancia
Make progress Avanzar, Hacer un avance
Make a sale Hacer una venta
Make a speech Hacer un discurso
Make a suggestion Hacer una sugerencia
Make sure Asegurarse
Make money Hacer dinero
Make time for Hacer tiempo para
Make do with Conformarse con
Make the most of Aprovechar al máximo
Make sense (of something) Tener sentido (de algo)
Make it easy for (somebody) Hacerlo fácil para (alguien)
Make a request Hacer una petición
Make a phone call Hacer una llamada
Make a calculation Hacer un cálculo
Make the bed Hacer la cama
Make someone’s mouth water Hacérsele agua la boca
Make a killing (to profit from something or someone) Hacer su agosto
Make peace Hacer las paces
Make friends Hacer amigos
Make the cut Hacer el corte
Make the team Hacer el equipo
Make love Hacer el amor
Make up Hacer las paces
Make or break Hacer o deshacer
Make money Hacer dinero
Make fun of Hacer burla de, Hacer gracia
Make a career Hacer una carrera
Make an ass of oneself Hacer el ridículo
Make room Hacer sitio, Hacer espacio
Make history Hacer historia

Other Expression with Hacer in Spanish

Whereas in the previous list we saw expressions based around the English word to make, whether they translate into Spanish with hacer or some other verb, here we’ll turn it around and look at Spanish expressions based around the verb hacer. In these hacer expressions, the English equivalents use all sorts of other verbs!

Hacer una broma (a alguien) To play a joke (on someone)
Hacer caso de To pay attention to
Hacer cosquillas To tickle
Hacer autostop To hitchhike
Hacer trampa To cheat
Hacer caso To heed
Hacer daño To hurt
Hacer daño (a alguien/algo) To harm (someone/something)
Hacerse daño To hurt oneself
Hacer de To act as
Hacer de la suyas To be up to one’s old tricks
Hacer época To attract attention
Hacer juego To match
Hacer la maleta To pack one’s suitcase
Hacer el malo To play the bad guy
Hacer un papel To play a role
Hacer pedazos To smash, break into pieces
Hacer por hacer To do for the sake of doing
Hacer una pregunta To ask a question
Hacer una presentación To give a presentation
Hacer una pérdida To take a loss
Hacer un recado To run an errand
Hacer sombra To provide shade
Hacer un viaje To take a trip
Hacer un visita To pay a visit
Hacer la vista gorda To turn a blind eye
Hacerle la barba To trim the beard
Hacerle falta To need
Hacerse To become
Hacerse tarde To be getting late
Hacer los quehaceres To do the housework / chores
Hacer la maleta To pack your suitcase
Hacer la tarea To do one’s homework
Hacer la compra To go shopping
Hacer ejercicio To exercise
Hacer cola To get in line, To stand in line
Hacer caso To pay attention to
Hacer falta To need
Hacer añicos To break into pieces
Desde hace _____ años/días For ___ years/days
Hace _____ años/días ___ years/days ago
Hace un poco A little while ago
La ha hecho buena A fine mess he’s made of it
Hacer piernas / brazos (rutina en el gimnasio) Do a leg workout / work the arms (gym routine)

Conclusion

As you can see, hacer is quite the versatile verb. Not only is it used for both to do and to make in Spanish, but it’s also used in so many other contexts and expressions we use in everyday speech. We’ve covered a bunch of common uses for hacer along with its conjugations, we introduced dozens of hacer expressions, and we learned the Spanish equivalents for a wide variety of make expressions.

Are you ready to start using hacer in any new contexts now? We’ll leave you with a handful of exercises so you can get a bit of practice. ¡Hasta una próxima entrega!

Exercises

Fill in the blank using the verb hacer.

1. ¡ _____ la tarea, Lucy! No lo voy a volver a repetir.

– Do your homework, Lucy! I will not repeat it again.

2. _____ lo que dijo el profesor.

– I did what the professor said.

3. Mi tía _____  hamburguesas para la cena.

– My aunt will make hamburgers for dinner.

4. Ojalá _____ un buen trabajo este nuevo gerente en la empresa.

– I hope this new manager will do a good job in the company.

5. Si no _____ ese examen, habría reprobado.

– If I hadn’t done that test, I would have failed.

6. Cristina _____ un buen trabajo con la decoración del lugar.

– Cristina has done a good job with the place decoration.

7. ¿Qué _____ aquí? Este no es el momento adecuado para ti.

– What are you doing here? This is not the correct time for you.

8. Si pudiera, yo lo _____, pero es imposible para mí ahora.

If I could, I would do it, but now it’s impossible for me.

9. _____ tres años, mis hermanos _____ un viaje a Sudáfrica.

– Three years ago, my siblings took a trip to South Africa.

10. Sara  _____ su cama después de levantarse.

– Sarah made her bed after getting up.

11. Empezó a llover _____ una hora, así que no podré llegar a tiempo para cenar.

– It started raining an hour ago, so I won’t be able to make it to dinner in time.

12. _____ tanto calor que me quitaría toda la ropa si pudiera.

– It’s so hot I’d take off all my clothes if I could.

13. El empleado _____ trabaja, pero en realidad está leyendo una revista.

– The employee pretends to work, but is actually reading a magazine.

14. Miriam se _____ con el premio de la rifa.

– Miriam has won the raffle prize.

15. Carlos se _____ cuando quiere fastidiar a su hermana.

– Carlos plays funny when he wants to annoy his sister.

Answers

Fill in the blank using the verb hacer.

1. ¡Haz la tarea, Lucy! No lo voy a volver a repetir.

– Do your homework, Lucy! I will not repeat it again.

2. Hice lo que dijo el profesor.

– I did what the professor said.

3. Mi tía hará hamburguesas para la cena.

My aunt will make hamburgers for dinner.

4. Ojalá haga un buen trabajo este nuevo gerente en la empresa.

– I hope this new manager will do a good job in the company.

5. Si no hubiera hecho ese examen, habría reprobado.

– If I hadn’t done that test, I would have failed.

6. Cristina ha hecho un buen trabajo con la decoración del lugar.

– Cristina has done a good job with the place decoration.

7. ¿Qué estás haciendo aquí? Este no es el lugar adecuado para ti.

– What are you doing here? This is not the correct place for you.

8. Si pudiera, yo lo haría, pero es imposible para mí ahora.

– If I could, I would do it, but now it’s impossible for me.

9. Hace tres años, mis hermanos hicieron un viaje a Sudáfrica.

– Three years ago, my siblings took a trip to South Africa.

10. Sara hizo su cama después de levantarse.

– Sarah made her bed after getting up.

11. Empezó a llover hace una hora, así que no podré llegar a tiempo para cenar.

– It started raining an hour ago, so I won’t be able to make it to dinner in time.

12. Hace tanto calor que me quitaría toda la ropa si pudiera.

– It’s so hot I’d take off all my clothes if I could.

13. El empleado hace como que  trabaja, pero en realidad está leyendo una revista.

– The employee pretends to work, but is actually reading a magazine.

14. Miriam se ha hecho con el premio de la rifa.

– Miriam has won the raffle prize.

15. Carlos se hace el gracioso cuando quiere fastidiar a su hermana.

– Carlos plays funny when he wants to annoy his sister.

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